VII. MOVA DAG-Based Consensus Architecture (HashCube)

to achieve a high throughput, high certainty, and low latency payment and settlement network, mova adopts a proprietary dag based consensus architecture named hashcube hashcube enables concurrent transaction ordering, deterministic finality, and fault tolerant consensus without relying on mining or sharding, and serves as the core execution and settlement engine of the mova high performance payment network unlike traditional single chain block production models, hashcube is designed around the principle that network propagation itself constitutes the primary stage of consensus , with final state confirmation performed through an incentive layer voting mechanism 7 1 hashcube structural architecture the hashcube consensus architecture is a dual layer dag system , composed of two tightly coupled functional planes transaction ordering network responsible for transaction indexing, ordering, and global propagation transaction execution network responsible for transaction validation, parallel execution, state proof generation, and final ledger recording these two planes are connected through a deterministic transaction pre ordering mechanism, forming a complete on chain lifecycle for every transaction from generation to final settlement 7 2 deterministic transaction pre ordering structure before entering execution and consensus, each transaction is assigned a deterministic pre ordering identifier , which serves as the foundation for dag construction and execution scheduling each transaction pre order contains txseqno a globally unique, continuously increasing transaction sequence number txtime the precise system timestamp (nanosecond precision) at which the sequence number is issued txdigest a cryptographic digest of the transaction content, used for fast pre consensus verification txpublisher / txsignature the address and cryptographic signature of the transaction publisher this structure ensures that every transaction has a globally verifiable temporal position all transactions are uniquely identifiable and non repeatable replay attacks and duplicate writes are cryptographically eliminated at the ordering layer 7 3 dag based transaction ordering network the transaction ordering network is responsible for assigning sequence positions to transactions and propagating ordering information across the entire network its design characteristics include transactions are represented as nodes in a dag, where references between nodes express temporal and logical ordering relationships sequence numbers are issued in high throughput batches , enabling the system to assign ordering to thousands of transactions simultaneously only transaction digests and ordering metadata are broadcast during this phase, resulting in minimal bandwidth consumption through deterministic local ordering rules and dag construction logic, every consensus node independently computes the same global main chain ordering , without relying on a centralized sequencer under stress testing conditions, this ordering network supports million level transactions per second (tps) ordering throughput , providing extreme concurrency capacity for large scale payment and settlement scenarios 7 4 transaction execution and validation network the execution network forms mova’s main ledger processing system , responsible for transforming ordered transactions into verified state transitions its core functions include broadcasting full transaction payloads to global execution nodes pulling transactions in deterministic batches based on their pre order sequence performing parallel execution on all non dependent transactions using mova’s multi core execution engine generating and validating read write sets , followed by deterministic state database updates completing final validity confirmation based on feedback from multiple verification nodes the execution network consists of two functional node roles global relay nodes deployed on global backbone networks, responsible for high speed transaction dissemination and consensus propagation execution & ledger nodes deployed in regional data centers, responsible for transaction execution, state storage, and full ledger maintenance through this relay–execution dual layer structure , mova achieves high availability high bandwidth utilization layered verification and execution isolation — forming a financial grade operational infrastructure 7 5 anti tampering mechanism and finality model to prevent malicious behavior and inconsistent execution results, mova enforces the following security and confirmation mechanisms all transactions must be independently executed and verified by multiple execution nodes in parallel block explorers, wallets, and monitoring systems can retrieve execution proofs from all participating verification nodes nodes continuously cross verify transaction hash consistency the higher the independent confirmation count, the stronger the transaction’s irreversibility guarantee nodes that repeatedly fail to vote, submit incorrect results, or exhibit abnormal behavior are automatically flagged excluded from further broadcast propagation and eventually removed from the validator set, with staking penalties applied this finality model ensures that mova achieves deterministic settlement with verifiable execution correctness , making it suitable for payment, custody, stablecoin circulation, and rwa settlement scenarios that demand financial grade safety